see also Cervical Radiculopathy

Intervertebral discs are rubbery cushions between the segmental bones of the spine (vertebrae) that act as shock absorbers and provide the normal flexibility of the spinal column. Each disc’s normal location is directly adjacent to the spinal nerves. When the discs deteriorate with age or are otherwise affected by injury, they become prone to herniation (bulging/rupture), which can cause a piece of the disc to move out of place and squeeze a spinal nerve.

Although herniation can occur in any section of the spine, herniated discs in the lumbar (low back) and cervical (neck) spine are the most common. Symptoms may include low back or neck pain along with pain radiating into the leg (sciatica) or arm, along with weakness and/or numbness.

Herniated lumbar disc animation

Herniated cervical disc animation