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Entire Body / Systemic Conditions

HSS is the #1 orthopedic hospital in the U.S. and a national leader in rheumatology. This content was created by our physicians and experts.

Systemic conditions of the musculoskeletal system are disorders that affect bones, joints, muscles, and connective tissues as part of a broader process occurring throughout the body rather than from a single localized injury.

These conditions often arise from complex interactions involving the immune system, metabolism, genetics, or the nervous system. Inflammatory autoimmune diseases that cause chronic joint swelling, pain, and stiffness (such as rheumatoid arthtiis) are a well-known subset, but many other systemic conditions  affect the muscles, bones, and joints.

Nervous system disorders such as ALS and cerebral palsy can alter muscle tone, strength, and coordination, while metabolic bone conditions like osteoporosis can weaken bone structure or impair tissue repair. 

Because these conditions can present in diverse and sometimes subtle ways, accurate diagnosis and effective management often require a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach. Treatment may include medical therapies to control inflammation or disease progression, rehabilitation to maintain mobility and function, and supportive care tailored to each patient’s needs. 

Understanding how these systemic illnesses affect the musculoskeletal system is an important step in improving quality of life and long-term outcomes. 

Learn more by exploring the conditions below.